Hunter/Jumper 101

The Hunter/Jumper discipline is an exciting equestrian sport with a rich history, offering opportunities for riders of all ages and skill levels. Known for fostering a strong partnership between horse and rider, the sport includes a variety of competition formats, from graceful Hunter rounds to the precision and speed of Jumper courses. 

Whether you're new to horseback riding or looking to compete at the next level, the United States Hunter Jumper Association and its Hunter/Jumper community welcome all who are passionate about horses. 

Explore the sections below to learn more about the disciplines, how to get started, competition opportunities, and essential horse care.

Hunters

Show ring Hunters trace their origins to the sport of foxhunting, where horse and rider navigated miles of varied countryside and encountered natural obstacles along the way. Modern Hunter classes are designed to test the qualities and attributes of a successful hunt horse. These classes are judged subjectively, focusing on the horse’s performance over fences, movement under saddle, and overall demeanor. Hunter courses typically feature eight to 10 obstacles designed to replicate those found in the hunt field.

An ideal Show Hunter demonstrates good style over jumps, consistent pace throughout the course, and good manners. A well-executed Hunter round should appear smooth and effortless, with horse and rider working in harmony to create a seamless flow from one jump to the next.

Jumpers

Jumper classes are scored objectively, based solely on the horse’s athletic ability over fences and measured by speed and accuracy. Jumper courses are designed to be technical and challenging, typically featuring 12 to 16 jumps that test precision, agility, and strategic decision-making. Faults are incurred for mistakes such as knocking down a rail, refusing a jump, or exceeding the time allowed. The horse and rider combination with the fewest faults and the fastest time wins.

Equitation

Equitation classes evaluate the rider’s ability to effectively communicate with the horse while maintaining proper form and control. The types of jumps and elements that make up an Equitation course can resemble those used in either Hunter or Jumper classes, but the judging is subjectively based on the rider’s position, style, proficiency, and overall impression of smooth, quiet control. Equitation classes are open to Junior and Amateur riders and feature technical courses designed to test the rider’s skill, precision, and ability to guide the horse effectively.

The Hunter/Jumper discipline is open to riders of all ages and abilities. Owning a horse or pony is not required to start riding, as many lesson programs offer well-trained horses for riders to learn on. As riders progress, leasing a horse can be a great way to gain more experience before making the commitment to horse ownership.

Attire

Most stables have a dress code, so it’s important to check in advance with your future instructor. Appropriate attire includes long pants, close-toed boots with a heel, and avoiding tank tops or loose clothing. Additionally, all tack and equipment should be in good condition and properly fitted.

An approved helmet must always be worn while riding and is a crucial investment in your safety. While some stables may provide a helmet for your trial lesson, it is often recommended to purchase your own properly fitting helmet for long-term use.

What to Expect

Where to Ride

Whether you are seeking first riding lessons for yourself or a family member or getting back in the saddle after some time away, selecting the right place to ride is important. In the United States, there are limited state or local requirements to verify that a stable is fully insured, employs qualified instructors, or has safety protocols in place for both riders and horses. Therefore, it’s important to do your research to ensure the stable you choose meets your safety standards and learning goals.

When considering a riding facility, it’s essential to tour the location and observe a lesson. Safety should always be the top priority. Here are some key considerations:

  • Comprehensive instruction: Good programs teach riders not just in the saddle, but also on the ground. Confirm that instruction is provided throughout all aspects of the lesson, not just while riding.

  • Waivers and paperwork: Riding programs should require a signed waiver or release. Be sure to ask about the necessary paperwork involved.

  • Instructor qualifications: Instructors may hold certifications from organizations, such as the USHJA Instructor Credential. Additionally, they might have medical certifications, including CPR, first aid, or emergency training. Reputable stables and instructors will also have liability insurance.

How to Find the Right Stable

The USHJA offers resources to find trusted professionals and facilities in your area. The Recognized Riding Academy Listing highlights stables that offer safe, structured beginner lessons in the Hunter/Jumper disciplines, taught by certified instructors. The Instructor Credential Directory allows you to find professionals who have completed comprehensive education for riding instructors.

The USHJA offers its members a range of benefits, including competition programs, awards and recognition, educational opportunities, and unique experiences. Read more about the USHJA and our mission here.

Learn more about USHJA's membership options and join our community!